Stable core symmetries and confined textures for a vortex line in a Spinor Bose-Einstein condensate

Borgh, Magnus O. and Nitta, Muneto and Ruostekoski, Janne (2016) Stable core symmetries and confined textures for a vortex line in a Spinor Bose-Einstein condensate. Physical review letters, 116 (8). ISSN 1079-7114

Abstract

We show how a singly quantized vortex can exhibit energetically stable defect cores with different symmetries in an atomic spin-1 polar Bose-Einstein condensate, and how a stable topologically nontrivial Skyrmion texture of lower dimensionality can be confined inside the core. The core isotropy and the stability of the confined texture are sensitive to Zeeman level shifts. The observed structures have analogies, respectively, in pressure-dependent symmetries of superfluid liquid He3 vortices and in the models of superconducting cosmic strings.