Convergent multiple-timescales reinforcement learning algorithms in normal form games

Leslie, David S. (2003) Convergent multiple-timescales reinforcement learning algorithms in normal form games. Annals of Applied Probability, 13 (4). pp. 1231-1251. ISSN 1050-5164

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Abstract

We consider reinforcement learning algorithms in normal form games. Using two-timescales stochastic approximation, we introduce a model-free algorithm which is asymptotically equivalent to the smooth fictitious play algorithm, in that both result in asymptotic pseudotrajectories to the flow defined by the smooth best response dynamics. Both of these algorithms are shown to converge almost surely to Nash distribution in two-player zero-sum games and N -player partnership games. However, there are simple games for which these, and most other adaptive processes, fail to converge--in particular, we consider the N -player matching pennies game and Shapley's variant of the rock--scissors--paper game. By extending stochastic approximation results to multiple timescales we can allow each player to learn at a different rate. We show that this extension will converge for two-player zero-sum games and two-player partnership games, as well as for the two special cases we consider.

Item Type:
Journal Article
Journal or Publication Title:
Annals of Applied Probability
Uncontrolled Keywords:
/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1800/1804
Subjects:
?? STATISTICS AND PROBABILITYSTATISTICS, PROBABILITY AND UNCERTAINTY ??
ID Code:
70771
Deposited By:
Deposited On:
12 Sep 2014 11:41
Refereed?:
Yes
Published?:
Published
Last Modified:
11 Sep 2023 16:43