Nineteenth-century English politeness: Negative politeness, conventional indirect requests and the rise of the individual self

Culpeper, Jonathan and Demmen, Jane (2011) Nineteenth-century English politeness: Negative politeness, conventional indirect requests and the rise of the individual self. Journal of Historical Pragmatics, 12 (1-2). pp. 49-81. ISSN 1566-5852

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Abstract

In this paper we argue that the kind of individualistic ethos Brown and Levinson's (1987) politeness model is accused of — and in particular its notion of (non-imposition) negative face — is not simply a reflection of British culture, but a reflection of British culture at a specific point in time. That point is the nineteenth century. Before then, the notion of an individual self separate from society and with its own hidden desires was not fully established. We argue that sociocultural developments, such as secularisation, the rise of Protestantism, social and geographical mobility, and the rise of individualism, created conditions in which the self became part of a new ideology where it was viewed as a property of the individual, and was associated with positive values such as self-help, self-control and self-respect. We also trace the history of conventional indirect requests, specifically can/could you X structures, the most frequent request structures used in British English today and, moreover, emblematic of British negative politeness. We show how such ability-oriented structures developed in the nineteenth century, and propose a tentative explanation as to why ability in particular was their focus.

Item Type:
Journal Article
Journal or Publication Title:
Journal of Historical Pragmatics
Uncontrolled Keywords:
/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1200/1203
Subjects:
?? FACEINDIRECTNESS INDIVIDUALISM NINETEENTH CENTURY POLITENESS REQUESTSSELFLINGUISTICS AND LANGUAGELANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS ??
ID Code:
62882
Deposited By:
Deposited On:
13 Mar 2013 13:35
Refereed?:
Yes
Published?:
Published
Last Modified:
19 Sep 2023 01:01